The term “toothache” usually refers to pain around the teeth or jaw. In most cases, toothaches are caused by cavities, a cracked tooth, an exposed root, gum disease, disease of the jaw joint (TMJ), or spasms of the muscles used for chewing. A tooth ache can range from chronic and mild to sharp and excruciating. The pain may be aggravated by chewing or by heat or cold. An exam and dental x-rays from Dr. Markowitz can determine the cause and whether the toothache is being caused by a tooth or jaw problem.